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What is the difference between an HMO, PPO, EPO and POS plan?

The short answer

The letters describe your network. An HMO and an EPO cover care only from doctors in the plan's network, except in an emergency. A PPO also covers out-of-network doctors for a higher cost. A POS plan costs less in the network and usually needs a referral from your primary care doctor to see a specialist.

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Reviewed by the licensed agents at Health Insurance Solutions in Orlando, Florida.

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How do the four plan types differ?

Plan typeOut-of-network careReferral to see a specialistGood to know
HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)Usually not covered, except in an emergencyCheck the plan's rulesUsually limits coverage to doctors who work for or contract with the plan. May require you to live or work in its service area.
EPO (Exclusive Provider Organization)Not covered, except in an emergencyCheck the plan's rulesCovers only doctors, specialists and hospitals in the plan's network.
PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)Covered, for a higher costNot neededYou pay less in the network.
POS (Point of Service)Covered, for a higher costNeeded from your primary care doctorYou pay less in the network.

Which type is best for me?

If you want the most choice and are willing to pay more for it, a PPO usually gives the most freedom. If your doctors and hospitals are all in one network and you want to keep costs down, an HMO or EPO can work well. If you travel often or split time between places, check the plan's service area and what it covers away from home.

Any of these types can be sold at any metal level, so the plan type and the bronze, silver, gold or platinum level are separate choices.

What should I check before I enroll?

Search the plan's provider directory for your own doctors and hospitals, and look up your prescriptions on the plan's drug list. Directories can be out of date, so call the doctor's office to confirm they accept the specific plan. A licensed agent can check this with you before you choose.

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Common questions

Is a PPO or an HMO cheaper?

HMO plans often have lower premiums because they limit which doctors you can use. The right answer depends on the specific plans in your area, so compare the total cost, not only the premium.

Do I need a referral to see a specialist?

It depends on the plan. A POS plan requires a referral from your primary care doctor. Check your plan's rules, because many managed care plans have referral requirements.

What happens if I go out of network?

With an HMO or EPO, out-of-network care is usually not covered except in an emergency. With a PPO or POS plan it is covered for a higher cost.

Sources

Rules change. Confirm dates and eligibility with your marketplace, your state Medicaid agency or Medicare before you enroll.

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